Viral Hepatitis 101
Viral hepatitis is a serious but often misunderstood condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Let’s take a closer look at what viral hepatitis is, its different types, and how it can be prevented and treated…
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). Unlike other forms of hepatitis, it usually doesn’t lead to chronic liver disease, but it can cause uncomfortable symptoms and, in some cases, more severe illness – particularly in older adults or those with weakened immune systems.
The virus is most commonly transmitted through consuming contaminated food or water, sharing of injecting drug equipment, or through sex with someone who already has the virus.
Symptoms of Hepatitis may include fatigue, nausea, stomach pain, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Most people recover fully within a few weeks or months without long-term effects.
Whilst a vaccine for HAV does exist it is not routinely provided on the NHS, though it is available privately.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a potentially serious health condition that affects an estimated 254 million people worldwide. While many people with the virus experience mild symptoms or none at all, it can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and in some cases, liver cancer if left untreated.
The Hepatitis B virus is primarily spread through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, which can occur through condomless sex, sharing of injecting drug equipment, or during childbirth. The virus is not transmitted through casual contact like hugging or sharing food.
One of the most effective ways to prevent Hepatitis B is through vaccination, which provides long-lasting protection. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage the disease and prevent complications, so people who believe that they have been at risk need to get tested and seek medical advice.
Whilst Hepatitis B can be a serious condition, advances in our understanding of the virus, as well as the medications available, have made it highly preventable and treatable, and whilst it is not curable people living with the virus can lead full and healthy lives.
Vaccination for HBV is available on the NHS through sexual health and HIV clinics. Please speak to your local service for more information.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can range from a short-term illness to a chronic condition. It is a significant global health issue, because, if left untreated, chronic Hepatitis C can lead to serious liver problems, including cirrhosis or liver cancer.
An estimated 50 million people live with chronic Hepatitis C, with an additional 1 million cases annually.
The virus is primarily spread through contact with blood and sexual fluids. This can include condomless sex, sharing of injecting drug equipment, sharing of tattooing and shaving equipment, and also during childbirth.
Many people with Hepatitis C may not experience symptoms for years, making early testing important, especially for those at increased risk. The good news is that advances in treatment have made Hepatitis C highly curable with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications, allowing people to clear the virus from their bodies and prevent long-term liver damage.
While there’s currently no vaccine for Hepatitis C, prevention through safer practices and regular testing is key. For those diagnosed, effective treatments are available, offering the chance for a complete cure and a healthy future.
The bigger picture
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 100 million new cases of Hepatitis A, 1.5 million new cases of Hepatitis B, and 1 million new cases of Hepatitis C globally each year. It is also estimated that 254 million people are living with chronic Hepatitis B and 80 million living with Hepatitis C.
Advances in our understanding of these viruses now mean we’re able to vaccinate against Hepatitis A (where available) and Hepatitis B – and whilst we can’t currently vaccinate against Hepatitis C it is now curable using modern Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) medications.
These game-changing advances, however, can only work if people access sexual health services. Vaccinations can’t be given unless we discuss individual risk, and life-saving treatment can’t be prescribed unless we get people tested.
Stigma around viral hepatitis stops people from talking about it, getting tested and receiving the care they need. When we reduce judgment, it’s easier for everyone to access the right help, stay healthy and protect those around them.
British Liver Trust poster (click to enlarge)
Resources
You can find out more about hepatitis, the treatments and the support available by visiting our friends at The British Liver Trust and the Hepatitis C Trust.
For people living in Europe, you can visit the European Liver Patients’ Association (ELPA).
And if you’re in North America you can check out the American Liver Foundation.
